Bibliography for soccer athletes

Online Sources

1. "High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)-What Happens." WebMD. WebMD. 29 Apr. 2013 <http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/tc/high-blood-pressure-hypertension-what-happens>.
2. "Anabolic Steroids: Side Effects." Anabolic Steroids: Side Effects. 29 Apr. 2013 <http://www.sportsci.org/encyc/anabstereff/anabstereff.html>.
3. "Professional Football Academy." DIET & NUTRITION ::. 29 Apr. 2013 <http://pfa.leaguerepublic.com/page.do?id=5953595>.
4. "How to Strengthen Your Ankles for Soccer." LIVESTRONG.COM. 29 Apr. 2013 <http://www.livestrong.com/article/473823-how-to-strengthen-your-ankles-for-soccer/>.
5. "Anabolic Steroids and Sports: Winning at any Cost." Anabolic Steroids and Sports: Winning at any Cost. 29 Apr. 2013 <http://www.health.ny.gov/publications/1210/>.
6. "Steroid that will improve cardio vascular endurance??" Steroid that will improve cardio vascular endurance?? 29 Apr. 2013 <http://anabolicminds.com/forum/steroids/70221-steroid-will-improve.html>.
Offline sources
1. Philippa Gardom-Hulme, Pam Large, Sandra Mitchell, Chris Sherry. Science Works 3. London: Oxford, 2009.
2. Wesson, John. The Science Of Soccer. Bodmin: Cornwall, 2002
3. Goodstein, Madeline. GOAL! Science projects with soccer. London: Oxford, 2006.
By: Mourezky 8E

2 factors affecting the performance of soccer athletes

Social

Society In Fartlek Exercise

Family and friends can as well become role models, provide encouragement, or be companions during physical activity. Coping with social pressure is all important in order to succeed. As well, combining work or school with soccer is not always easy and a happy medium must be found. When doing this Fartlek exercise, And also, soccer coaches can see your performance, you would be hired into a basketball team and you're able to make new friends and know your team squad. You can also receive media attention and then socially you could know more people.

Society in Nutrients exercise

When doing this nutrients training program family and friends, especially personal coaches will push us forward to do eat more healthy foods, especially carbohydrates and protein foods will guide those soccer athletes to health. When soccer athletes are with their families, they will be inspired to become a healthy person. By doing the specific nutrition program, you would get a fit and healthy body to begin with and when you join from different ranges sports club or country clubs, they would want to recruit you as a member and by then, you would have more friends, more club members and more people that knows you. This can make you more famous.

Society in Steroid healthy program

Doctors, especially personal medic coaches will guide soccer athletes to not go beyond the limit. They will have a look at the athlete dosis of steroid and see if anything goes wrong, so that it will be useful for the athlete to adjust the ability to maximize their performance when a game of soccer started. But also on the bad side, When a soccer athlete buy a drug from a certain person, that person would suggest you to buy other drugs that have a different purpose from another person and maybe that other person would give the same advice and therefore, you would be known among drug dealers and that is how you gain more friends and socially, know about what is going on in the drug dealer business. 

Ethics

Ethics In Fartlek Program/training

When we do the fartlek training program it made people not stressed because

It improves our circulatory system which makes the blood more healthy and for that reason, our brain and mind was adapted by the health of our circulatory system and that is why we respect each other by doing the fartlek program.

 Ethics in Nutrition Program

The ethics of when we eat food that contains healthy things such as: carbohydrates, protein, is the meaning that we love our body and we have to think that “Health is wealth”. If we show that we are ethic to our body, then we have to eat healthy food to that our body would also ‘respect’ us and keep us healthy too. Soccer players show ethic to their body too because every soccer player wants to be healthy to that their body would be fit when they play soccer.

Ethics in Steroid program

When Soccer use steroid to maximize their playing style, they are also thinking how are steroid will affect their arteries, veins, pulmonary cava, vein cava, meaning to say is how steroid will affect the circulatory system. This is their ethic to show that using steroid when in control is safe.

By: Mourezky 8E

Drugs On Soccer

Use of drug/hormone program

 Steroid Program for soccer athletes

Using steroid is a way that can improve an athlete performance by the usage of drugs. There are lots of types of steroid usage that can be done by athletes to improve their performance on the field. This can be done by drinking a steroid, using it in a tablet, injection, suction it into your body and also you could inhale the steroid. Steroids used in sports are usually anabolic in nature. Ideally, as are drugs that closely resemble androgenic hormones and are synthetically derived from the male hormones called the testosterone. The widespread use of anabolic steroids among athletes is precisely to achieve strength, weight gain, speed, endurance against pain and fatigue, and aggressiveness.. Despite their prolific usage by the sports fraternity, the research literature still reveals debate on whether anabolic steroids can really enhance one’s performance or not. However, almost all athletes who have administered these substances have affirmed to the benefits caused by these. In fact many athletes have also asserted that they would not have been as successful without consuming them.

Benefits of using steroids in soccer:

-       Muscles such as voluntary muscles will be strengthened. Contraction is used to move the body, and can be finely controlled, like movements of the eye, or gross movements like the quadriceps muscle of the thigh. There are two broad types of voluntary muscle fibres, slow twitch and fast twitch. Slow twitch fibers contract for long periods of time but with little force while fast twitch fibers contract quickly and powerfully but fatigue very rapidly. If our voluntary muscles are strong, such as biceps triceps and leg muscles, the soccer players can shoot more harder and their body won’t be weak.

-       Soccer athletes will have the ability to have the habit of wanting to work out. This made athletes can improve their respiratory system more because exercising produce oxygen and we can link this to circulatory system, when more clean blood goes to all parts from the heart from the arteries and it will spread to the body it can make atp for muscles and it can make and athletes muscles not easily sore when doing a workout.

Limitations of using steroid in soccer

1. When playing soccer, steroid can make soccer players aggressive and when they are aggressive, their brains could be broken and the circulation of oxygen to the brain could be damaged. When playing on the field this makes soccer players tired easily and if they used to much steroid, they can passed out.

2. This increases the risk of heart disease. Again, dose and duration as well as choice of steroid play a huge role in the occurrence and severity of this problem. The increased weight and blood pressure caused by steroids can also increase the individual’s risk for heart disease. When the weight increases, soccer players will be unable to be more agile when playing in the fields meaning to say is that they will not be able to pass through defenders more quickly and getting the ball from your friends quickly. And also increases of blood pressure damages the wall of a soccer players arteries so oxygen from veins also could be denied at this could also cause death. The arteries became not smooth anymore. They get rough spots on them where fat and calcium start to build up. This buildup is called plaque.

Plaque is part of atherosclerosis, sometimes called "hardening of the arteries." Over time, the plaque narrows the artery and blocks blood flow through it. Atherosclerosis makes your arteries narrower. It also makes them stiffer. Blood can't flow through them as easily. This lack of good blood flow starts to damage some of the organs in your body.

     Defender Song Jong Sun tested positive for steroids 

http://espn.go.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6775108/2011-women-world-cup-five-north-koreans-positive-steroids

By: Mourezky 8E

Bibliography for Basketball Athletes

RESOURCES

Online Resources:

- "Nutrition for the Athlete." Nutrition for the Athlete. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09362.html>.
- "Nutritional Programs: Nutritional Program for Athletes." Nutritional Programs: Nutritional Program for Athletes. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://www.healthy.net/scr/article.aspx?Id=1237>.
- "What to Drink for Proper Hydration During Exercise." About.com Sports Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/hydrationandfluid/a/ProperHydration.htm>.
- "Simple Sports Nutrition Tips." About.com Sports Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/sportsnutrition/tp/SimpleSportsNutrition.htm>.
- "How Performance-enhancing Drugs Work." HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://www.howstuffworks.com/athletic-drug-test1.htm>.
- "The History of Drugs in Sport." Drugs in Sport. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://www.teachpe.com/drugs/drugs.php>.

Offline Resources:

- Human Body. Columbus, OH: School Specialty Pub., 2006. Print.

-Hardie, Jackie. Blood and Circulation. Crystal, Lake, Ill: Rigby Interactive Library, 1997. Print.

- Sunarja, Fahma, and Gary Slater. Asian Flavours of Fitness: Recipes for the Sporting Individual. Singapore: Singapore Sports Council, 2003. Print.

- Barough, Nina. Walking for Fitness. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2011. Print.

By: Micheline

Nutritional program for soccer players/athletes

Special nutrition program

Intensity Training for soccer athletes

Introduction

Intensity training can allow player such as soccer athletes to play longer in the field and not get tired easily when playing for a longer period of time. Due to the prolonged and vigorous nature of the sport, carbohydrates are soccer players main fuels. Soccer players also need protein and fats so that. Good carbohydrate sources include bagels, cereals, beans, rice, pasta, bread, pretzels, fruit, juice, potatoes, beans, whole-wheat bread and tortillas. This program focuses on eating carbohydrates food.

Why do intensity training?

The body stores carbohydrates in the muscles as glycogen, but these stores are limited and need to be constantly replenished. Small meals and snacks throughout the day can help keep energy levels high. Glycogen depletion can lead to fatigue, both physical and mental, and performance maybe compromised as players lose fuel they need to think and make good decisions on the field. This nutrition program is to conserve muscle glycogen and prevent fatigue, have a carbohydrate sports drink before and during practice sessions and game.

Intensity training instructions:

•   About 4 hours before a match, eat a meal that includes plenty of easily digestible, carbohydrate-rich foods. Avoid fried foods and foods with fatty sauces because fats are slowly digested. If you tend to be nervous before a match, consider an easy-to-digest liquid meal such as a nutrition shake that contains 60% of its calories as carbohydrate. 30% of it should be protein and only 10% should be fats.

•   About 2 hours before a training session or match, drink about 500-600 ml (16-20 oz) of a carbohydrate-electrolyte sports drink that contains 5-7% carbohydrate. This will provide some last-minute carbohydrate and body fluids insurance

•   During stoppages for injuries and penalties and during half-time, drink as much of a carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverage as you can comfortably consume.

As soon as possible after a match or hard training session, start consuming carbohydrate-rich foods and beverages to rapidly begin replacing glycogen stores. Energy drinks that contain 18-20% carbohydrate (18-20 g/100 ml or 43-48 g/8 oz) can be a good source of easily digested carbs. A little protein is good, but don’t go overboard. Aim to consume plenty of carbohydrates (8-10 g/kg) in the 24 hours following strenuous play.

Benefits:

1.     Eating carbs benefits you after intense strength exercise by replacing muscle glycogen and spiking insulin to switch the body back to an anabolic state. You need carbohydrates for intense training. So when soccer players are at a match. They won’t be tired to run around the field and also carbohydrates provide energy and also carbohydrates will allow your muscles to be strong and to delay muscle fatigue. So when players are playing on the field, their muscles will be fit and this can make soccer players shoot harder because their muscles are fueled.

2.     Carbohydrates make the glucose not entering at a fast rate to the bloodstream. Having too much sugar in the blood for long periods of time can cause serious health problems if it's not treated. Hyperglycemia can damage the vessels that supply blood to vital organs, which can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, kidney disease, vision problems, and nerve problems in people with diabetes. These problems don't usually show up in kids or teens with diabetes who have had the disease for only a few years. However, these health problems can occur in adulthood in some people with diabetes, particularly if they haven't managed or controlled their diabetes properly. This will make players

 Limitations:

1.     Carbohydrates can cause weight gain. Because carbohydrates are sugar, their primary role in the body is to fuel muscle tissue by filling it with glycogen. In physically active individuals, these glycogen reserves are used for fuel, yet in sedentary individuals, carbohydrates often go unused. This excess energy is then deposited as body fat. Carbohydrates are converted into glycogen, which is stored in the liver and in muscles; but as the body can store only a limited amount of glycogen in this way, all other excess glucose is stored as body fat. This is the process of putting on weight. Causing weight gain can make soccer players not agile anymore, because their body is weightful and our body is heavy.

2. Carbohydrates, in particular simple carbohydrates, raise insulin levels in the body by increasing blood-sugar levels. High insulin levels can, over time, lead to insulin resistance in which the body does not create enough insulin to match the high blood-sugar levels. Insulin resistance in turn leads to diabetes. Diets high in refined carbohydrates and processed foods have been closely linked with insulin resistance.

 http://www.everydiet.org/wp-content/uploads/carbohydrates.jpg

Main source of carbohydrate such as potato, pastas, rice, sweet potato